Pharmaceutical Industry:
The pharmaceutical industry and contract research organizations (CROs) have an
ongoing need for trained scientists with skills in pharmacoeconomics and
pharmacoepidemiology. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to develop new
products and services, it will be important for them to determine the value of
these new products and services. Burden of illness, cost-effectiveness,
return-on-investment, and patient-report outcome studies will be needed by the
pharmaceutical industry.
Academia:
According to the American Association of College of Pharmacy leadership, quality
faculty members are needed in all areas of academic pharmacy. The
pharmaceutical industry has increased their recruitment of social and
administrative scientists, leaving a greater demand in academia for
social-administrative scientists. The Research and Graduate Affairs Committee
of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy indicated that that there
will be an increased need for research in pharmacoeconomics, patient health-care
outcomes and pharmacoepidemiology, and for graduates in these fields.
Health Insurers,
Purchasers, Providers, and Managed Care Organizations:
Managed care organizations, health system providers, and pharmacy benefit
managers will be challenged with selecting the best drug products for a given
patient group balancing the cost and quality of each drug. They will
continually look for new interventions (e.g., disease state management) and
financing arrangements to improve quality while controlling costs. Employers
and other purchasers of health care and pharmaceuticals will also rely on
consultants and other experts to facilitate decision making with respect to
benefit design and pharmacy services. QualChoice and BlueCross and BlueShield of
Arkansas are also experimenting with new ways to efficiently administer and
coordinate benefits which will require persons trained to evaluate and design
these new efforts.
Government:
With the passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and
Modernization Act of 2003, government payers will be increasingly responsible
for providing access to prescription drugs. Medicare, Medicaid, VA, Federal
Employees, Department of Defenses, State Employees, and other public payers will
require trained persons to assess the value of prescription drugs and to develop
efficient and equitable benefit designs and policies. The Arkansas Medicaid
program is facing budget shortfalls and they are currently exploring new ways to
stabilize the growth of prescription expenditures while providing the necessary
drugs to the most vulnerable of populations in the state. Research is needed to
address the impact of new policy initiatives and the value of pharmacy services
at both state and national levels.